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Analysis of the Efficacy of Tiotropium Bromide in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Author: Guofang Xie
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of the long-acting anticholinergic drug tiotropium bromide in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A total of 158 COPD patients admitted from November 2023 to September 2025 were selected as the study subjects. A randomized controlled trial design was adopted, dividing the patients into a tiotropium bromide intervention group (n=79) and a conventional treatment control group (n=79). The intervention group inhaled 18 μg of tiotropium bromide daily, while the control group received short-acting ipratropium bromide and bronchodilators. The main outcome measures included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1 as a percentage of predicted value (FEV1%pred), COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale score, and the frequency of acute exacerbations. The treatment course was 24 weeks. Results: After 24 weeks of treatment, the tiotropium bromide group showed an increase in FEV1 from baseline by (0.31 ± 0.08) L and an improvement in FEV1%pred by (10.2 ± 2.5)%, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(0.12 ± 0.05) L and (4.1 ± 1.8)%, respectively (P < 0.01)]. The tiotropium bromide group also demonstrated greater reductions in CAT score [(-7.6 ± 1.2) points] and mMRC score [(-1.8 ± 0.3) points] compared to the control group [(-3.1 ± 0.9) points and (-0.7 ± 0.2) points, respectively (P < 0.01)]. The incidence of acute exacerbations in the intervention group was reduced to 12.7% (10/79), while it was 31.6% (25/79) in the control group (RR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21–0.76). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of severe adverse events between the two groups (6.3% vs. 5.1%, P > 0.05). Conclusion: Long-term treatment with tiotropium bromide can significantly improve lung function and clinical symptoms in COPD patients, reduce the risk of acute exacerbations, and has a controllable safety profile.
Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Tiotropium Bromide; Lung Function; Dyspnea; Acute Exacerbation
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